Eight Immortals

The Eight Immortals are a group of legendary '''' in Chinese mythology. Each Immortal's power can be transferred to a tool of power that can give life or destroy evil. Together, these eight tools are called "Covert Eight Immortals" . Most of them are said to have been born in Tang Dynasty or Song Dynasty. Not only are they revered by the Daoists, but they are a popular element in the secular Chinese culture. They live on .

The Immortals are:
* Immortal Woman He ,
* Royal Uncle Cao ,
* Iron-Crutch Li ,
* Lan Caihe,
* Lü Dongbin,
* ,
* Elder Zhang Guo , and
* Zhongli Quan.

For their names in Chinese characters and Wade-Giles, see the individual pages in the list above.

In literature before the 1970s, they were sometimes translated as the Eight Genie. First described in the Yuan Dynasty, they were probably named after the .

In art

The tradition of depicting humans who’ve become an immortal is an ancient practice in Chinese art, and when religious Taoism gained popularity, it quickly picked up this tradition with its own immortals. While cults dedicated to various Taoist immortals date back to the Han dynasty, the popular and well known Eight Immortals first appeared in the . The art of the Jin tombs of the 12th and 13th centuries depict a group of eight Taoist immortals in wall murals and sculptures. They officially became known as the Eight Immortals in the writings and works of art of the Taoist sect known as the Complete Realization . The most famous art depiction of the Eight Immortals from this period is a mural of them in the Eternal Joy Temple at Ruicheng.

The Eight Immortals are considered to be signs of prosperity and longevity, so they are popular themes in ancient art. They were frequent adornments on celadon vases. They were also common in sculptures owned by the nobility. Their most common appearance, however, was in paintings. Many silk paintings, wall murals, and wood block prints remain of the eight immortals. They were often depicted either together in one group, or alone to give more homage to that specific immortal.

An interesting feature of early Eight Immortal artwork is that they are often accompanied by jade hand maidens, commonly depicted servants of the higher ranked deities, or other images showing great spiritual power. This shows that early on the Eight Immortals quickly became eminent figures of the Taoist religion, and had great importance. We can see this importance only is heightened in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasties. During these dynasties, the Eight Immortals are very frequently associated with other prominent spiritual deities in artwork. They are numerous paintings with them and the Three Stars together. Also, other deities of importance, such as the Queen Mother of the West, are commonly seen in the company of the Eight Immortals.

The artwork of the Eight Immortals isn’t limited to paintings or other visual arts. They are quite prominent in written works too. Authors and playwrights wrote numerous stories and plays on the Eight Immortals. One famous story that has been rewritten many times and turned into several plays is , which is the story of how Lǚ Dòngbīn met Zhongli Quan and began his path to immortality.

In literature

The Immortals are the subject of many artistic creations, like paintings and sculptures. Examples of writings about them include:

* ''The Yueyang Mansion'' by Ma Zhiyuan ,
* ''The Bamboo-leaved Boat'' by Fan Zi'an , and
* ''The Willow in the South of the City'' by Gu Zijing .
* The most significant of the writings is ''The Eight Immortals Depart and Travel to the East'' by Wu Yuantai in Ming Dynasty.
* There is another work in Ming, by an anonymous writer, called ''The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea'' . It is about the Immortals on their way to attend the Conference of the Magical Peach and encountered an ocean. Instead of going across by their clouds, Lü Dongbin suggested that together, they should use their powers to get across. Stemming from this, the Chinese proverb "The Eight Immortals cross the sea, each reveals its divine power" indicates the situation that everybody shows off their powers to achieve a common goal.

Reverence

Established in the Song Dynasty, the Xi'an temple Eight Immortals Palace , formerly Eight Immortals Nunnery , where statues of the Immortals can be found in the Hall of Eight Immortals . In Mu-cha , Taipei County, Taiwan, there is a temple called South Palace , nicknamed Eight Immortal Temple .

Modern depictions

In modern China, the Eight Immortals are still a popular theme in artwork. Paintings, pottery, and statues of the Eight Immortals are still common in households across China, and are even gaining some popularity world wide.

Several movies about the Eight Immortals have been produced in China in recent years.

In Jackie Chan's movie "Drunken Master", there were eight "drunken" Kung Fu forms that were said to be originated from the Eight Immortals.

The Eight Immortals play an important part in the plot of the video game ''Fear Effect 2''.

In the X-Men comic book, the Eight Immortals appear to protect China along the Collective Man, when the mutant Xorn caused a massacre in one small village.

The Eight Immortals played a role in the animated show: Jackie Chan Adventures.

The Eight Immortals played an important role in the 2008 movie "The Forbidden Kingdom" starring "Jackie Chan" and "Jet Li"

Also in the book: "Cathy's Book" by Sean Stewart and Jordan Weisman

Further reading

* Lai, T. C., ''The Eight Immortals'' .